يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ الَّذِي اسْتُحِبَّ لَنَا اسْتِحْبَابًا شَدِيدًا صِيَامُهُ وَنَيْلُ الْأَجْرِ فِيهِ

The day of Ashura, for which fasting and attaining the reward therein has been highly recommended for us.

وَهَذِهِ الْكَلِمَاتُ الَّتِي نَقْضِيهَا فِي الدَّقَائِقِ الْمَعْدُودَةِ هِيَ عَمَّا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِيَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ

These words that we are spending in these few minutes are regarding what relates to the day of Ashura.

وَالَّذِي يَتَعَلَّقُ بِعَاشُورَاءَ مِنَ الْحَدِيثِ وَالْمُدَارَسَةِ وَالْمُذَاكَرَةِ جَانِبَانِ

That which relates to Ashura in terms of discussion, study, and reflection has two aspects.

أَحَدُهُمَا مِنْ حَيْثُ الْفِقْهُ وَالْأَحْكَامُ وَالثَّانِي مِنْ حَيْثُ الْمَعَانِي وَالْفَوَائِدُ وَالِاسْتِلْهَامُ

The first is from the perspective of jurisprudence and rulings, and the second is from the perspective of meanings, benefits, and inspiration.

أَمَّا الْجَانِبُ الْأَوَّلُ فَلَا أَحْسَبُ أَنَّ مُسْلِمًا يَصُومُ عَاشُورَاءَ إِلَّا وَهُوَ حَرِيصٌ عَلَى فَضْلِهِ وَنَيْلِ أَجْرِهِ وَثَوَابِهِ وَذَلِكُمْ هُوَ الَّذِي جَاءَ فِي السُّنَّةِ الْمُطَهَّرَةِ لِأَنَّكُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ وَأَنْتُمْ حُفَّاظٌ لِكِتَابِ اللهِ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرِدِ اسْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِاسْمِهِ عَاشُورَاءَ

As for the first aspect, I do not believe that a Muslim fasts Ashura without being keen on its virtue and attaining its reward and recompense; that is what has come in the purified Sunnah, because you know, and you are memorizers of the Book of Allah, that the name Ashura did not appear in the Book of Allah the Almighty by its name, Ashura.

لِئَلَّا يَقُولَ قَائِلٌ كَيْفَ نَصُومُ يَوْمًا بِهَذَا الِاسْمِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ ذِكْرٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ إِطْلَاقًا فَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ وَرَدَ فِي كِتَابِ اللهِ مَا يَتَعَلَّقُ بِصَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ لَا بِاسْمِهِ بَلْ بِسَبَبِهِ وَحِكْمَتِهِ

Lest someone say, 'How do we fast a day with this name while it has no mention in the Book of Allah at all?' We fast it because what relates to fasting Ashura has appeared in the Book of Allah, not by its name, but by its cause and wisdom.

نَعَمْ فَعِنْدَمَا يَكُونُ الْحَدِيثُ شَرْعًا عَنْ صِيَامِ عَاشُورَاءَ نَتَكَلَّمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةِ أُمُورٍ عَنْ فَضْلِهِ وَعَنْ حِكْمَتِهِ وَنَتَكَلَّمُ عَنْ مَشْرُوعِيَّتِهِ

Yes, so when the talk is legally about fasting Ashura, we speak about three matters: its virtue, its wisdom, and we speak about its legislation.

أَمَّا الْمَشْرُوعِيَّةُ فَكَيْفَ أَصْبَحَ صِيَامُ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي شَرِيعَتِنَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ

As for the legislation, how did the fasting of Ashura become part of our Sharia, O community of Muslims?

الْجَوَابُ أَنَّ صَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ مَرَّ فِي شَرِيعَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ بِثَلَاثِ مَرَاحِلَ

The answer is that the fasting of Ashura passed through three stages in the Sharia of Islam.

أَوَّلُهَا صَوْمُ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي مَكَّةَ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ

The first of them is the fasting of the day of Ashura in Mecca before the Hijra.